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                                <h1 id="&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x901A;&#x4FE1;&#x57FA;&#x7840;">&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x901A;&#x4FE1;&#x57FA;&#x7840;</h1>
<p>2023-06-17 ---&gt; 2023-06-20</p>
<p>&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x901A;&#x4FE1;&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x8BB2;&#x7684;&#x662F;&#x4EA4;&#x6362;&#x548C;&#x8DEF;&#x7531;&#x4E4B;&#x95F4;&#x7684;&#x4E8B;&#x60C5;</p>
<h2 id="osi&#x4E03;&#x5C42;">OSI&#x4E03;&#x5C42;</h2>
<p><img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/v2-1dd6e1ed2f348db47ce0cde38d545ae9_b.webp?consumer=ZHI_MENG" alt="OSI-&#x77E5;&#x4E4E;"></p>
<ol>
<li>&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x5C42;</li>
</ol>
<p>&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x5C42;&#x7684;PDU&#x662F;DATA---&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5F62;&#x5F0F;</p>
<p>&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x662F;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x7AEF;&#x53E3;&#x548C;&#x534F;&#x8BAE;&#x533A;&#x5206;&#x7684;</p>
<ol>
<li>&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x5C42;</li>
</ol>
<p>&#x8868;&#x793A;&#x5C42;&#x5C31;&#x53EF;&#x4EE5;&#x7B80;&#x5355;&#x7684;&#x770B;&#x4F5C;&#x662F;&#x7F16;&#x89E3;&#x7801;&#x5C42;</p>
<ol>
<li>&#x4F1A;&#x8BDD;&#x5C42;</li>
</ol>
<p>&#x5B83;&#x7684;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x5EFA;&#x7ACB;&#x548C;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x5E94;&#x7528;&#x7A0B;&#x5E8F;&#x4E4B;&#x95F4;&#x7684;&#x901A;&#x4FE1;</p>
<ol>
<li>&#x4F20;&#x8F93;&#x5C42;(&#x6BB5;segment)---TCP/UDP</li>
</ol>
<p>&#x9762;&#x5BF9;&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;&#x7684;TCP, &#x9762;&#x5BF9;&#x7528;&#x6237;&#x62A5;&#x6587;&#x7684;UDP</p>
<ul>
<li><p><strong><em>TCP&#x4E09;&#x6B21;&#x63E1;&#x624B;&#x5EFA;&#x7ACB;&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;</em></strong></p>
<blockquote>
<p>||||||
|:-:|:-:|:-:|-|:-:|
|cilent(closed)|--- SYN=1,seq=X --&gt;|service(listening)|&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x5EFA;&#x7ACB;&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;|SYN|
|client(sent)|&lt;--- SYN=1,ACK=1,seq=Y,ack=X+1 ---|service(received)|&#x670D;&#x52A1;&#x7AEF;&#x8FD4;&#x56DE;&#x540C;&#x6B65;&#x786E;&#x8BA4;&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;|SYN-ACK|
|client(connected)|--- ACK=1,seq=X+1,ack=Y+1 --&gt;|service(connected)|&#x5BA2;&#x6237;&#x7AEF;&#x786E;&#x8BA4;&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;|ACK|</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><p><strong><em>TCP&#x56DB;&#x6B21;&#x63E1;&#x624B;&#x65AD;&#x5F00;&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;</em></strong></p>
<blockquote>
<p>||||||
|:-:|:-:|:-:|-|:-:|
|connected|--- FIN=1,seq=U --&gt;|connected|&#x4EFB;&#x610F;&#x4E00;&#x65B9;&#x8BF7;&#x6C42;&#x65AD;&#x5F00;&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;|FIN|
|fin_wait_1|&lt;--- ACK=1,seq=V,ack=U+1 ---|close_wait|<strong>&#x88AB;&#x65AD;&#x5F00;</strong>&#x65B9;&#x786E;&#x8BA4;&#x5BF9;&#x65B9;&#x7684;&#x65AD;&#x5F00;|ACK|
|fin_wait_2|&lt;-- FIN=1,ACK=1,seq=W,ack=U+1 ---|last_ack|&#x88AB;&#x65AD;&#x5F00;&#x65B9;&#x8FDB;&#x884C;&#x65AD;&#x5F00;&#x548C;&#x6700;&#x540E;&#x786E;&#x8BA4;|FIN-ACK|
|(after 2MSL)time_wait|--- ACK=1,seq=U+1,ack=W+1 --&gt;|closed(listened)|&#x65AD;&#x5F00;&#x65B9;&#x786E;&#x8BA4;&#x65AD;&#x5F00;, &#x7B49;&#x5F85;&#x540E;&#x81EA;&#x5DF1;&#x4E5F;&#x5173;&#x95ED;&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;|ACK|</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li>&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x5C42;(&#x5305;packet)IP/ICMP</li>
</ol>
<p>&#x901A;&#x5E38;&#x6211;&#x4EEC;&#x8BF4;&#x7684;&#x4E09;&#x5C42;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x5C42;, &#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x5C42;&#x5C31;&#x6D89;&#x53CA;&#x5230;IP&#x7684;&#x901A;&#x4FE1;&#x4E86;</p>
<p>IP&#x901A;&#x4FE1;&#x4E2D;, &#x8DEF;&#x7531;&#x95F4;&#x7684;&#x6700;&#x4E3B;&#x8981;&#x95EE;&#x9898;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x8DEF;&#x7531;&#x8868;&#x7684;&#x5185;&#x5BB9;, <strong>&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5305;&#x7ECF;&#x8FC7;&#x7684;&#x8DEF;&#x7531;&#x7684;&#x8DEF;&#x7531;&#x8868;&#x4E2D;&#x5FC5;&#x987B;&#x8981;&#x6709;&#x76EE;&#x6807;&#x7684;&#x8DEF;&#x7531;&#x8868;&#x9879;</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x94FE;&#x8DEF;&#x5C42;(&#x5E27;frame)Ethernet/PPPoE/ARP/RARP</li>
</ol>
<p>&#x4E5F;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x4E8C;&#x5C42;, &#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x901A;&#x8FC7;&#x63A5;&#x53E3;&#x548C;MAC&#x901A;&#x4FE1;&#x7684;&#x90A3;&#x4E00;&#x5C42;</p>
<p>&#x5B83;&#x8FD8;&#x5177;&#x6709;&#x7A33;&#x5B9A;&#x901A;&#x4FE1;, &#x5F62;&#x6210;&#x4F20;&#x8F93;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E27;&#x7684;&#x53EF;&#x9760;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x94FE;&#x8DEF;&#x7684;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;</p>
<ul>
<li>ARP/RARP <big><u>---&#x52A0;&#x6025;&#x6574;&#x7406;---</u></big></li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li>&#x7269;&#x7406;&#x5C42;(&#x6D41;)</li>
</ol>
<p>&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x4F20;&#x8F93;&#x4ECB;&#x8D28; &#x901A;&#x5E38;&#x662F;&#x4E32;&#x53E3;, &#x5149;&#x7EA4;, &#x53CC;&#x7EDE;&#x7EBF;</p>
<h2 id="&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x4F20;&#x8F93;&#x8FC7;&#x7A0B;">&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x4F20;&#x8F93;&#x8FC7;&#x7A0B;</h2>
<ul>
<li>&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x53D1;&#x9001;</li>
</ul>
<p>&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x4ECE;&#x6E90;&#x7EC8;&#x7AEF;&#x53D1;&#x9001;&#x65F6;, &#x4ECE;<code>&#x9AD8;&#x5230;&#x5E95;&#x5C42;</code>&#x9010;&#x5C42;<u><strong>&#x5C01;&#x88C5;</strong></u></p>
<ul>
<li>&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x63A5;&#x6536;</li>
</ul>
<p>&#x6E90;&#x7EC8;&#x7AEF;&#x83B7;&#x53D6;&#x5230;&#x6BD4;&#x7279;&#x6D41;&#x540E;, &#x6309;<code>&#x4F4E;&#x5230;&#x9AD8;&#x5C42;</code>&#x9010;&#x5C42;<u><strong>&#x89E3;&#x5305;</strong></u></p>
<h2 id="&#x4E13;&#x4E1A;&#x672F;&#x8BED;">&#x4E13;&#x4E1A;&#x672F;&#x8BED;</h2>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th style="text-align:center">&#x672F;&#x8BED;</th>
<th style="text-align:left">&#x8BF4;&#x660E;</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x8F7D;&#x8377;</td>
<td style="text-align:left">&#x6700;&#x7EC8;&#x60F3;&#x8981;&#x4F20;&#x9012;&#x7684;&#x4FE1;&#x606F;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">&#x62A5;&#x6587;</td>
<td style="text-align:left">&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x4E2D;&#x4EA4;&#x6362;&#x4E0E;&#x4F20;&#x8F93;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5355;&#x5143;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">&#x5934;&#x90E8;</td>
<td style="text-align:left">&#x5728;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x8F7D;&#x8377;&#x524D;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x6BB5;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">&#x5C3E;&#x90E8;</td>
<td style="text-align:left">&#x5728;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x8F7D;&#x8377;&#x540E;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x6BB5;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">&#x5C01;&#x88C5;</td>
<td style="text-align:left">&#x5BF9;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x8F7D;&#x8377;&#x6DFB;&#x52A0;&#x5934;&#x90E8;&#x548C;&#x5C3E;&#x90E8;, &#x5F62;&#x6210;&#x65B0;&#x62A5;&#x6587;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">&#x89E3;&#x5C01;&#x88C5;</td>
<td style="text-align:left">&#x53BB;&#x6389;&#x62A5;&#x6587;&#x7684;&#x5934;&#x5C3E;, &#x5F97;&#x5230;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x8F7D;&#x8377;&#x7684;&#x8FC7;&#x7A0B;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">&#x7F51;&#x5173;</td>
<td style="text-align:left">&#x63D0;&#x4F9B;&#x534F;&#x8BAE;&#x8F6C;&#x6362;/&#x8DEF;&#x7531;&#x9009;&#x62E9;/&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x4EA4;&#x6362;/&#x7B49;&#x529F;&#x80FD;&#x7684;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x8BBE;&#x5907;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">&#x8DEF;&#x7531;&#x5668;</td>
<td style="text-align:left">&#x4E3A;&#x62A5;&#x6587;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x4F20;&#x9012;&#x8DEF;&#x5F84;&#x7684;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x8BBE;&#x5907;</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="text-align:center">&#x7EC8;&#x7AEF;&#x8BBE;&#x5907;</td>
<td style="text-align:left">&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x7684;&#x8D77;&#x70B9;&#x6216;&#x7EC8;&#x70B9;, &#x901A;&#x5E38;&#x662F;&#x4E2A;&#x4EBA;&#x8BBE;&#x5907;</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x7684;&#x533A;&#x5206;">&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x7684;&#x533A;&#x5206;</h2>
<ul>
<li>LAN</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>&#x5728;&#x67D0;&#x4E00;&#x4EFB;&#x610F;&#x533A;&#x57DF;&#x5F62;&#x6210;&#x7684;&#x533A;&#x57DF;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;, &#x4E00;&#x822C;&#x662F;&#x65B9;&#x5706;&#x51E0;&#x5343;&#x7C73;</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>MAN</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>&#x57CE;&#x5E02;&#x8303;&#x56F4;&#x5185;&#x7684;&#x8BA1;&#x7B97;&#x673A;&#x901A;&#x4FE1;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>WAN</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>&#x66F4;&#x5927;&#x8303;&#x56F4;&#x7684;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;, &#x901A;&#x5E38;&#x662F;&#x516C;&#x7F51;</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x62D3;&#x6251;&#x5F62;&#x6001;">&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;&#x62D3;&#x6251;&#x5F62;&#x6001;</h2>
<p>&#x62D3;&#x6251;&#x5F62;&#x6001;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x6839;&#x636E;&#x51E0;&#x4F55;&#x5F62;&#x6001;&#x533A;&#x5206;&#x7684;</p>
<ul>
<li>&#x661F;&#x578B;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;</li>
<li>&#x603B;&#x7EBF;&#x578B;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;</li>
<li>&#x73AF;&#x5F62;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;</li>
<li>&#x6811;&#x5F62;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;</li>
<li>&#x5168;&#x7F51;&#x72B6;&#x578B;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;</li>
<li>&#x90E8;&#x5206;&#x7F51;&#x72B6;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;</li>
</ul>
<p>&#x4ED6;&#x4EEC;&#x4E92;&#x76F8;&#x7ED3;&#x5408;&#x5F62;&#x6210;&#x7EC4;&#x5408;&#x7ED3;&#x6784;, &#x6839;&#x636E;&#x8BBF;&#x95EE;&#x901F;&#x5EA6;-&#x53EF;&#x9760;&#x6027;&#x9700;&#x6C42;&#x6765;&#x9009;&#x62E9;&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7684;&#x7ED3;&#x6784; </p>
<h2 id="&#x8BBE;&#x5907;&#x7684;&#x7528;&#x9014;">&#x8BBE;&#x5907;&#x7684;&#x7528;&#x9014;</h2>
<ul>
<li><p>&#x8DEF;&#x7531;&#x8BBE;&#x5907;&#x7684;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;:</p>
<ol>
<li><p>&#x7F51;&#x5173;</p>
<blockquote>
<p>&#x9996;&#x5148;&#x5C31;&#x662F;&#x7F51;&#x5173;, &#x7528;&#x4E8E;&#x8F6C;&#x53D1; <strong>&#x4E0D;&#x540C;&#x7F51;&#x6BB5;</strong> &#x4E4B;&#x95F4;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5305;</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><p>&#x9694;&#x79BB;&#x5E7F;&#x64AD;&#x57DF;(&#x7F51;&#x6BB5;)</p>
</li>
<li>&#x8FD0;&#x884C;&#x8DEF;&#x7531;&#x534F;&#x8BAE;</li>
<li>&#x8DEF;&#x5F84;&#x9009;&#x62E9;, IP&#x62A5;&#x6587;&#x8F6C;&#x53D1;</li>
<li>&#x5E7F;&#x57DF;&#x7F51;&#x63A5;&#x5165;, NAT</li>
<li>&#x8FDE;&#x63A5;SW&#x7EC4;&#x5EFA;&#x7684;2&#x5C42;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;</li>
</ol>
</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><p>&#x4EA4;&#x6362;&#x8BBE;&#x5907;&#x7684;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;:</p>
<ol>
<li>&#x7EC8;&#x7AEF;&#x7684;&#x63A5;&#x5165;</li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<p>&#x8DDD;&#x79BB;&#x7EC8;&#x7AEF;&#x6700;&#x8FD1;&#x7684;&#x8BBE;&#x5907;, &#x8D1F;&#x8D23;&#x5C06;&#x7EC8;&#x7AEF;&#x63A5;&#x5165;&#x7F51;&#x7EDC;</p>
</blockquote>
<ol>
<li>&#x6570;&#x636E;&#x5E27;&#x4EA4;&#x6362;</li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<p>&#x4EA4;&#x6362;<strong>2</strong>&#x5C42;&#x7684;&#x6570;&#x636E;<strong>&#x5E27;</strong></p>
</blockquote>
</li>
<li><p>&#x9632;&#x706B;&#x5899;&#x7684;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;</p>
<ol>
<li>&#x5206;&#x5272;&#x57DF;</li>
</ol>
</li>
<li><p>AP&#x7684;&#x4F5C;&#x7528;</p>
<p>AP&#x5206;&#x4E3A;FAT(&#x80D6;)&#x548C;FIT(&#x7626;)</p>
<ul>
<li>FAT AP&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x6709;&#x65E0;&#x7EBF;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x5668;, &#x5177;&#x6709;&#x81EA;&#x6211;&#x7BA1;&#x7406;&#x80FD;&#x529B;</li>
<li>FIT AP&#x5185;&#x90E8;&#x6CA1;&#x6709;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x5668;, &#x9700;&#x8981;&#x4E00;&#x4E2A;AC&#x53BB;&#x63A7;&#x5236;&#x591A;&#x4E2A;AP</li>
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